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Bluff is a town and seaport in the Southland region, on the southern coast of the South Island of New Zealand. It is the southern-most town in New Zealand (excluding Oban) and, despite Slope Point and Stewart Island being further to the south, is colloquially used to refer to the southern extremity of the country (particularly in the phrase "from Cape Reinga to The Bluff"). According to the 2006 census, the usually resident population was 1,850, a decrease of 85 since 2001.〔(Population Estimates at 30 June 2006 ) (from the Statistics New Zealand website)〕 The Bluff area was one of the earliest areas of New Zealand where a European presence became established. The first ship known to have entered the harbour was the ''Perseverance'' in 1813, in search of flax trading possibilities, with the first European settlers arriving in 1823 or 1824. This is the foundation for the claim〔(Bluff history - an overview ) (from the 'bluff.co.nz' website. Accessed 2008-12-14.)〕 that Bluff is the oldest permanent European settlement in the country. However, the missionary settlement at Kerikeri was both earlier and larger. The town was officially called ''Campbelltown'' in 1856, became a borough in 1878, and was renamed ''Bluff'' in 1917.〔(BLUFF – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand ). Teara.govt.nz. Retrieved on 2013-08-02.〕 ==Geography== Bluff is by road from Invercargill, and the southern terminus of the Bluff Branch, the continuation from Invercargill of the Main South Line. This was one of New Zealand's earliest railways, opening on 5 February 1867. Bluff is at the end of a peninsula that forms the western side of Bluff Harbour and Awarua Bay, with the port located in the relatively narrow entrance channel. It is on State Highway 1, which terminates one kilometre to the south of the town at Stirling Point. At Stirling Point there is a signpost showing the distance and direction to various major cities and locations around the world, including the Equator and the South Pole. Bluff is dominated by Bluff Hill / Motupohue (standing at ), which provides some shelter from the prevailing westerly winds. There is a world-class walk along the shore through native bush up to this point. The town is named for this bluff, which was known to early whalers as Old Man's Bluff or Old Man Bluff. East across the entry channel from Bluff is Tiwai Point, home to New Zealand's only aluminium smelter and its wharf. Electricity is supplied by the Manapouri Hydroelectric Power Station in Fiordland National Park. A chain sculpture on the coast near Bluff symbolises the Maori view that Stewart Island is anchored to South Island; a similar sculpture in Rakiura National Park represents the other end of the chain. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bluff, New Zealand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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